Earth working implement and tooth assembly therefor

ABSTRACT

An implement suitable for use with an earth moving, excavating or mining machine generally comprising a body including a wall provided with a forwardly and transversely disposed lip portion, means for attaching the body to the machine, the lip portion of the body wall having a plurality of transversely spaced ribs, each of the ribs having forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, a pair of base plates mounted on the sides of each of the ribs, each of the base plates having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in an adjoining rib, a plurality of tooth points each having a rearwardly opening socket receiving the forward end of a set of rib and adjoining base plates for mounting the tooth point thereon, each of the tooth points having side walls with openings registered with a set of openings in the adjoining set of base plates and rib on which the tooth point is mounted, and pins disposed in the registered openings for securing the base plates on the ribs and the tooth points on adjoining rib and base plate sets.

United States Patent 1191 Thompson et al.

[ July 29, 1975 1 1 EARTH WORKING IMPLEMENT AND TOOTH ASSEMBLY THEREFOR [73] Assignee: Marion Power Shovel Company,

- Inc., Marion, Ohio [52] U.S. Cl 37/141 T; 214/145; 299/91 [51] Int. Cl. 1502f 9/28; EO2f 3/40 [58] Field of Search 37/141 R, 141 T, 142 R, 37/142 A, 118 R, 118 A; 214/145; 299/91, 92, 93

[56] References Cited J UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,210,366 12/1916 Reisinger 37/142 R 1,716,432 6/1929 Downie 1,920,873 8/1933 MacFadyen 37/141 T 1,992,501 2/1935 Newland et al. 37/142 R UX 2,055,265 9/1936 Swigert, .lr 37/142 A 2,284,178 5/1942 Sublett 299/91 X 3,621,594 1111971 Hahn et a] 37/141 T Primary Examiner-Clifford D. Crowder Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence ABSTRACT An implement suitable for use with an earth moving, excavating or mining machine generally comprising a body including a wall provided with a forwardly and transversely disposed lip portion, means for attaching the body to the machine, the lip portion of the body wall having a plurality of transversely spaced ribs, each of the ribs having forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, a pair of base plates mounted on the sides of each of the ribs, each of the base plates having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in an adjoining rib, a plurality of tooth points each having a rearwardly opening socket receiving the forward end of a set of rib and adjoining base plates for mounting the tooth point thereon, each of the tooth points having side walls with openings registered with a set of openings in the adjoining set of base plates and rib on which the tooth point is mounted, and pins disposed in the registered openings for securing the base plates on the ribs and the tooth points on adjoining rib and base plate sets.

39 Claims, 14 Drawing Figures EARTH WORKING IMPLEMENT AND TOOTH ASSEMBLY THEREFOR This invention relates to an earth working implement and more particularly to an implement suitable for use with an earth moving, excavating or mining machine. The invention further contemplates a novel tooth assembly suitable for use on such implements.

Conventional dippers for excavating and mining machines normally consist ofa pair of side walls, a bottom wall interconnecting the lower ends of such side walls, providing a forwardly disposed lip, and a plurality of teeth detachably mounted along the forwardly disposed edge of the dipper lip. During the normal digging operation of such a machine, when the dipper is crowded into an embankment or a deposit of material and the teeth thereof are caused to penetrate the material, the principal thrust of the digging load is transmitted through the teeth to the lip of the dipper. The effect of such action is to cause rapid wear and a high breakage incidence of the dipper teeth, develop high stress concentrations in the lip areas where the teeth are connected to the lip, and develop substantial bending stresses in the lip and teeth.

In the prior art, it principally has been the practice simply to utilize more material in the dipper teeth in an effort to overcome the aforementioned undesirable effects. Such practice, however, has been found not to provide an entirely satisfactory solution to the problem, from the point of view of manufacturing and maintenance costs and operating performance.

Accordingly, it is the principal object of this invention to provide an improved earth working implement.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved implement suitable for use with earth moving, excavating and mining machines.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved earth working implement utilizing a plurality of teeth mounted on a lip portion thereof for penetrating material being excavated, mined or otherwise worked or handled wherein the wear life of such teeth is increased, the amount of material used in the manufacture of such teeth is reduced, stress concentrations in the areas of the connections of such teeth to the lip portion thereof are substantially alleviated, and high concentrations of bending stress in the lip portion thereof and the teeth mounted thereon are eliminated.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved implement for earth moving, excavating and mining machines, utilizing a plurality of teeth mounted on a lip portion thereof, wherein the components of the teeth assembly do not require close fitting contact surfaces for transmitting digging loads from tooth points to the lip portion of the implement.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved implement suitable for use with earth moving, excavating and mining machines, utilizing a plurality of teeth mounted on a lip portion thereof, wherein comparatively smaller teeth are capable of being used thus reducing the projected area of the teeth on the material being excavated, mined or otherwise worked or handled, and correspondingly reducing the amount of the effort required to penetrate such materials.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved implement suitable for use with earth moving, excavating and mining machines, utilizing a plurality of tooth base plates detachably mounted on lip portion thereof and a plurality of tooth points mounted on the tooth base plates wherein the tooth points function to maintain the connection of the tooth base plates to the implement lip and shield such connections, thus reducing the wear and replacement thereof.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a novel tooth assembly suitable for use with an earth working implement.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those persons having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains, from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, having a portion thereof broken away;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged, prespective view of a portion of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to the view shown in FIG. 3, having the components thereof disposed in exploded relation;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a tooth assembly utilized in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 4;

FIG. 6 is top view of the assembly illustrated in FIG.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged, crosssectional view taken along lines 77 in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is a view similar to the view shown in FIG. 7, illustrating a modification of the tooth assembly;

FIG. 10 is a prespective view of a modification of certain components of the tooth assembly illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 8;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line l1ll in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another modification of certain components of the tooth assembly illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 8;

FIG. 13 is a top plane view of the modification illustrated in FIG. 12; and

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 14-14 in FIG. 12.

Referring to FIGS. 1 through 8 of the drawings, there is illustrated an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment generally consists of a dipper 10 including a pair of side walls 11, II, a bottom wall 12 interconnecting the side walls to provide a material receiving channel, a plurality of tooth assemblies I3 mounted on the bottom wall and a door 14 pivotally connected to the upper rear ends of side walls 11, 11. Bottom wall 12 is formed integral with the lower portion of side walls 11, l l and includes a forwardly disposed lip portion 15 and an upwardly and rearwardly inclined, rearwardly disposed portion 16. Lip portion 15 includes an upper, plane surface merging forwardly with a beveled surface 15b which terminates in a forwardly disposed transverse edge 150.

The dipper illustrated in the drawings particularly is adapted for use with the type of excavating machine described in US. Pat. No. 3,643,863, and is provided with connecting pin openings in the upper ends of the side walls to accommodate the connection of the dipper to the front end of such type of excavating machines. In particular, the upper intermediate portions of the side walls are provided with transversely aligned pin receiving openings l7, 17 which are adapted to receive therein a pair of pins 18, 18 to pivotally connect the dipper to a dipper handle 19 of the excavating machine, the upper, forwardly disposed portions of the side walls are provided with a pair of transversely aligned pin receiving openings 20, 20 which are adapted to receive a pair of pins 21, 21 for connecting a hoist link 22 to the dipper, and the upper, rearwardly disposed portions of the side walls are provided with a pair of transversely aligned openings 23, 23 which are adapted to receive a pair of pins 24, 24 for securing the lower ends of a pair of pitch links 25, 25 to the dipper. Dipper door 14 is substantially of a conventional construction having the upper end thereof pivotally connected to the upper, rearwardly disposed portions of the side walls by means ofa pair of transversely aligned pins 26, 26, and the side and bottom edges thereof engagable with the rearwardly disposed edges of side walls 11, 11 and bottom wall 12 to close the rear end of the channel formed by the side and bottom walls of the dipper. The door further is provided with a mechanism including a releasable latch which is adapted to be received within an opening 27 disposed in a rearwardly projecting portion 28 forming substantially a continuation of bottom wall 12.

Formed integrally with lip portion 15a of the dipper bottom wall is a plurality of transversely spaced, longitudinally disposed ribs 29, having the forwardly dis posed portions thereof projecting forwardly of lip edge 15c. Each rib includes a pair of side surfaces 30 and 31 disposed substantially perpendicular to upper surface 15a of the lip portion, an upper edge 32 merging at the rearwardly disposed end thereof with upper surface 15a of the lip portion and merging at the forwardly disposed end thereof with a forwardly disposed, curved edge 33 which terminates at the lower end thereof substantially at lip edge 150. Each rib further is provided with a forwardly disposed, circular pin receiving opening 34 and a rearwardly disposed, oblong pin receiving opening 35. As best illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the forwardly disposed pin receiving opening 34 of each rib is disposed in the portion thereof projecting forwardly of lip edge 15c. Furthermore, as best illustrated in FIG. 2, it will be noted that ribs 29 extend rearwardly for a major portion of the longitudinal diminsion of lip portion 15 of the dipper bottom wall.

The construction of tooth assemblies 13 is best illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. Each of such assemblies includes a pair of base plates 36 and 37, a tooth point 38, a tubular retainer pin 39, a solid retainer pin 40 and a wedge type retainer pin 41. Base plates 36 and 37 have substantially the same configuration, each including a pair of side surfaces 42 and 43 adapted to be mounted on a rib 29 in abutting relation with a side surface 30 or 31 of the rib, a forwardly disposed circular opening 44 registerable with and having the same diameter as opening 34 of a rib, and a rearwardly disposed oblong opening 45 which has the same configuration as an opening 35 in a rib 29 and is registerable therewith when the base plate is mounted on a rib and the forwardly disposed opening 44 thereof is registered with an opening 34 of the adjoining rib. As best illustrated in FIG. 5, when a base plate 37 is mounted on a rib 29 and openings 44 and 45 thereof are registered with the openings 34 and 35 of the adjoining rib, the rearward portion of the bottom edge of each base plate is spaced from and disposed parallel to the upper surface of the lip portion of the dipper bottom wall. In particular, each base plate includes bottom edge portions 46 and 47 which are spaced from and disposed parallel to bottom wall surfaces 15a and 15b, respectively. In addition, each base plate includes forwardly disposed, upper and lower converging edge portions 48 and 49 merging into a rounded edge 50, an upper intermediate edge portion 51, a rearwardly disposed, upper edge portion 52 and a rounded rear edge portion 53 merging into upper and lower edge portions 46 and 52. Converging edge portions 48 and 49 and interconnecting front end portion 50 essentially define a forwardly projecting portion of each base plate. It further will be noted that when each base plate is positioned on a side surface of a rib with the openings thereof registered with the openings of the adjoining rib, bottom edge portion 49 thereof will be disposed in substantially the same plane as the bottom surface of lip portion 15.

The pair of base plates 36 and 37 are secured on a rib 29 by means of retainer pins 39 and 41. Tubular retainer pin 39 has an outside diameter substantially equal to the diameter of pin receiving openings 34 and 44 in the ribs and base plates, and'a length substantially equal to the combined transverse dimensions of a rib 29 and a pair of base plates 36 and 37 so that when a pair of base plates is mounted on a rib 29 with openings 34 and 44 thereof in registry, tubular pin 39 may be inserted in such openings so that the annular end surfaces thereof are disposed flush with the outer side surfaces of the base plates, as best illustrated in FIG. 7. As best seen in FIG. 8, retainer pin 41 has an oblong crosssectional configuration and is tapered along the length thereof so that the pin may be inserted into registered,

oblong openings 35 and 45 in a rib and adjoining base plates, and driven into wedging relation with one of the base plates and the adjoining rib. The smaller end of each of pins 41 is formed with a notch 54 providing a deformable portion 55 which may be struck with a hammer and bent rearwardly after the pin has been inserted in a set of openings for retaining the pin therein and preventing it from working loose during the operation of the dipper.

Each dipper tooth 38 includes upper and lower walls 56 and 57 having exterior, converging surfaces 56a and 57a, and a pair of side walls 58 and 59 defining a rearwardly opening socket 60 adapted to receive therein the forwardly projecting portions of a rib 29 and a pair of adjoining base plates 36 and 37, as best illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, when a tooth point 38 is mounted on the front end of a set consisting of a rib and a pair of adjoining base plates, and apair of transversely aligned, circular pin receiving openings 61 and 62 in side walls 58 and 59 are disposed in registry with the opening 63 of tubular retaining pin 39 disposed in registered openings 34 and 44, converging edge portions 48 and 49 of the base plates will be spaced out of contact with associated converging surfaces 64 and 65 of socket 60, with the exception of raised surfaces 480 and 49a, and recessed portions 66 and 67 of the side wallsof socket 60 will be spaced out of Contact with the outer side wall surface of the base plates. The inner, non-recessed portions of the socket side walls, however, will engage the annular ends of tubular retaining pin 60 and portions of the outer side wall surfaces of the base plates to lock the retaining pin in register openings 34 and 44 of the rib and adjoining base plates. By engaging converging socket surfaces 64 and 65, raised base plate surfaces 48a and 49a function to prevent the tooth point from pivoting on pin 40.

Each tooth point 38 is secured on the front end of a set consisting of a rib 29 and a pair of adjoining base plates 36 and 37 by means of a solid retaining pin 40. As best shown in FIG. 7, each pin 40 has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of openings 61, 62 and 63, and has a length substantially equal to the transverse dimension of a tooth point. Each retainer pin 40 is formed with notches 68 and 69 in the ends thereof providing deformable portions 68a and 690 which may be struck with a hammer and bent outwardly to prevent the axial displacement of retainer pin 40 when it has been inserted in registered openings 61, 62 and 63 ofa tubular retaining member 39 and a tooth point 38. As best illustrated in FIG. 7, the leading end of retainer pin 40 is beveled as at 70 to facilitate insertion of the pin into a set of registered openings, and the outer ends of openings 61 and 62 in each tooth point is beveled as at 61a and 62a to accommodate the outward bending of the deformable portions 68a and 69a.

Preferably, the orientation of tooth point surfaces 56a and 57a relative to the main body of the dipper is fixed so that a line bisecting the angle of such surfaces will be parallel to, and ideally will coincide with, the line of maximum net force exerted on the tooth point by the embankment being penetrated by the tooth point. Such a design results in evenly distributed wear between such surfaces and the elimination of bending stresses in the tooth point when maximum digging forces are imposed thereon.

Each of the dipper side walls also is provided with a pair of pin receiving openings comparable in spacing an configuration and substantially transversely aligned with openings 34 and 35 in ribs 29 to accommodate the mounting of tooth assemblies in the same manner that the tooth assemblies are mounted on ribs 29. The mounting of tooth assemblies on the dipper end walls provide a row of digging teeth across the entire width of the dipper which has the effect of enhancing the digging capability of the dipper. The mounting of a tooth assembly on a side wall of a dipper is best illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The components of the dipper as described can be of a welded steel plate or welded cast section construction. It further is contemplated that certain components of the dipper be cast and some components thereof fabricated of steel plate, and such components welded together. As an example, the dipper bottom wall with the ribs and the lower portions of the dipper side walls may be cast as an integral unit, the upper portions of the dipper side walls may be cast or fabricated of steel plate and welded onto the lower portions of the dipper wall, the dipper door may be of a cast or welded steel plate construction, the base plates may be of a cast or steel plate construction and the dipper teeth may be of a cast construction.

In mounting each tooth assembly on a rib of the dipper bottom wall, a pair of base plates is first positioned on the sides of the rib with the openings 44 and 45 thereof registered with openings 34 and 35 in the rib. A tubular retainer pin 39 is then inserted in registered openings 34 and 44 so that the annular end surfaces thereof are disposed flush with the outer side surfaces 43 of the base plates. Retainer pin 41 is then inserted in registered openings 35 and 45, and secured therein by hammering deformable portion 55 rearwardly, as illustrated in FIG. 8. With the base plates thus positioned on the rib, a tooth point 38 is mounted on the forwardly disposed ends of the base plates so that openings 61 and 62 in the tooth side walls are registered with axial opening 63 in retainer pin 39. Retainer pin 40 is then inserted in registered openings 61, 62 and 63, and deformable portions 68a and 69a are struck with a hammer and bent outwardly toward beveled surfaces 61a and 62a to secure retaining pin 40 in registered openings 61, 62 and 63.

With each tooth assembly thus mounted on the dipper bottom wall or similarly mounted on a side wall of the dipper, it will be appreciated that when the dipper is crowded into an embankment or a deposit of material being excavated or mined and the tooth points are caused to penetrate such material, digging loads applied to the tooth points will be transmitted through pins 40 and 39 to the front ends of ribs 29 and the dipper side walls and simultaneously through retainer pins 40 and 39, pairs of base plates 36 and 37 and then dipper side walls, and retainer pins 41 to the rear ends of ribs 29 and the dipper side walls. The effect of such action would be to reduce the concentration of stresses developed by the digging loads along the lip edge and to distribute such loads between two different areas spaced along the lengths of each rib and each dipper side wall. The transmission of such digging loads to the ribs at two separate points along the lengths of the ribs further results in the elimination of concentrated bending stresses. Since such concentrations of compressive and bending stresses as eliminated, the tooth points and base plates may be fabricated of less material thus reducing manufacturing costs, and the tooth points may be of a smaller cross-sectional configuration thus enhancing the penetration of the tooth points in the material being excavated and correspondingly the digging efficiency of the shovel.

Since the digging loads imposed on the tooth points are transmitted to the ribs and base plates through retainer pins 40 and 39 and not directly to the ribs, the necessity of a close contact fitting of the tooth points on the ribs and/or base plates and the corresponding wear which results from such a close contact fitting, are eliminated thus further resulting in a reduction in manufacturing and maintenance costs. Further in this regard, since the tooth points encompass and thus shield the forward ends of the ribs and adjoining base plates and retainer pins 39 and 40, such components are not subjected to wear thus prolonging their service life and corresponding reducing maintenance costs.

Several modifications of various components of the tooth assembly illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 8 are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention. Included in such modifications is the use of a single pin for securing the front ends of a pair of base plates to the forwardly projecting portion of a rib and securing a tooth point on the forwardly projecting portions of such base plates. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a single, solid pin 40a is utilized to secure a pair of base plates 36 and 37 on a rib 29, and a tooth point 38 on the forwardly projecting portions of the base plates, in

lieu of a tubular pin 63 and solid pin 40. In such modification, the registered openings 34 in the rib, 44 in the base plates, and 61 and 62 in the tooth point would be of the same diameter to accommodate the single solid In accordance with another modification of the invention, the base plates may be formed as part of a single, integral unit, as illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. Such modification simply consists of a pair of spaced base plate portions 36a and 37a which are comparable to base plates 36 and 37 of the tooth assembly illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 8, and an upper interconnecting portion 71. The base plate portions 36a and 37a are provided with forwardly disposed, transversely aligned openings 44a and a pair of rearwardly disposed, transversely aligned oblong openings 45a.

The component illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 would be mounted on a rib 29 and would function in the same manner as a pair of base plates 36 and 37, as described in connection with the tooth assembly illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 8. The base plate portions would be adapted to engage the side surfaces of a rib with openings 44a registering with an opening 34 in the rib and openings 45a registering with an oblong opening 35 in the rib, and the interconnecting portion 71 overlying the upper surface 32 of the rib. It is contemplated that such a component would have greater strength properties and further would function to shield the rib from the abrasive effects of material being excavated.

The modification illustrated in FIGS. 12 through 14 also is of a single, integral construction, including a pair of spaced, base plate portions 36b and 37b corresponding to base plates 36 and 37 of the tooth assembly illus trated in FIGS. 1 through 8, and a web portion 72 interconnecting the forward ends of the base plate portions. Similar to the base plates illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 8 and the base plate portions illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, base plate portions 36b and 3712 are provided with forwardly disposed, transversely aligned openings 44b which are adapted to register with the forwardly disposed opening 34 of a rib 29, and rearwardly disposed, transversely aligned oblong openings 45b which are adapted to register with an oblong opening 35 of a rib 29.

The component illustrated in FIGS. 12 through 14 also is intended to be mounted on a rib 29 and to function in the same manner as a pair of base plates 36 and 37. In particular, when such component is mounted on a rib 29, base plate portions 36b and 37b will engage the side surfaces of the rib, openings 44b will register with opening 34 in the rib, openings 45b will register with opening 35 in the rib and the interconnecting web portion 29 will be disposed forwardly of the forwardly projecting portion of the rib.

As an even further modification of the base plate arrangement, it is contemplated that such arrangement include a pair of base plate portions comparable to base plates 36 and 37, an upper interconnecting portion corresponding to interconnecting portion 71 in FIG. 10, adapted to overlie the upper surface 32 of a rib, and an interconnecting web portion comparable to portion 72 in FIG. 12. Such a modification would impart even greater strength to the tooth assembly.

From the foregoing detailed description, it will be evident that there are a number of changes, adaptations and modifications of the present invention which will come within the province of those persons having ordi' nary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. However, it is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention be considered as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the appended claims.

We claim:

I. An earth working implement comprising a body having a wall provided with a forwardly and transversely disposed lip portion, means for attaching said body to a machine, the lip portion of said bottom wall having a plurality of transversely spaced ribs, each of said ribs having forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, a pair of base plates mounted on the sides of each of said ribs, each of said base plates having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in an adjoining rib, a plurality of tooth points each having a rearwardly opening socket receiving the forward end of a set of rib and adjoining base plates for mounting the tooth point thereon, each of said tooth points having side walls with openings registered with a set of openings in the adjoining set of base plates and rib on which said tooth point is mounted, and pins disposed in said registered openings for securing said base plates on said ribs and said tooth points on adjoining rib and base plate sets.

2. An implement according to claim 1 wherein each of said ribs includes a portion projecting forwardly of the lip portion of said wall, and said forwardly disposed pin receiving opening in each of said ribs is disposed in the forwardly projecting portion thereof.

3. An implement according to claim 1 wherein said wall is of a cast construction and said ribs are cast integral with said wall.

4. An implement according to claim 1 wherein upper and lower edges of the forwardly disposed portions of said base plates converge, and the sockets of said tooth points have substantially similar converging configurations.

5. An implement according to claim 1 wherein the rearwardly disposed openings of each of said ribs and I the registered openings of the adjoining base plates have a non-circular cross-sectional configuration and the pin received therein has a tapered configuration and engages the walls of said openings in wedging relation.

6. Ah implement according to claim 1 wherein each of said tooth points includes upper .and lower, forwardly converging exterior surfaces.

7'. An implement according to claim 6 wherein said ribs are disposed in a bottom wall and the lower surface of each said tooth points is inclined slightly forwardly and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said bottom wall.

8. An implement according to claim 6 wherein said exterior tooth point surfaces are oriented relative to a predetermined reference such that a line bisecting the angle of said surfaces is disposed parallel to a line of maximum net force imposed on said tooth point when said body is crowded into a mass of material and said tooth point is caused to penetrate said material.

9. An implement according to claim 1 wherein said body includes side walls, each of said body side walls includes forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, and including a pair of base plates mounted on the sides of each of said body side walls. having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in the adjoining body side wall, a pair of tooth points each having a rearwardly opening socket receiving the forward ends ofa body side wall portion and ad-' joining base plates for mounting the tooth points thereon, each of said end mounted tooth points having a pair of side walls with openings registered with a set of openings in the adjoining base plates and body side wall on which said end mounted tooth point is mounted and pins disposed in said registered openings for securing said base plates on said body side walls and side end mounted tooth points on adjoining sets of body side wall and base plates.

10. An implement according to claim 1 wherein said ribs are disposed on a bottom wall, said bottom wall is of a cast construction and said ribs are cast integral with said bottom wall, each of said ribs includes a portion projecting forwardly of the lip portion of said bottom wall and said forwardly disposed opening therein is disposed in said forwardly disposed rib portion, upper and lower edges of the forward portions of said base plates coverge, and the sockets of said tooth points have substantially similar configurations, the rearwardly disposed openings of each of said ribs and the registered openings of the adjoining base plates have a non-circular, cross-sectional configurations and the pin received therein has a tapered configuration which engages the walls of said openings in wedging relation, each of said tooth points includes upper and lower, forwardly converging surfaces, and the lower surface of each of said tooth points is inclined slightly forwardly and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said bottom wall.

11. An implement according to claim 1 wherein the base plates mounted on each of said ribs comprise portions of a single, integral component.

12. An implement according to claim 11 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.

13. An implement according to claim 11 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed forwardly of a rib when mounted thereon.

14. An implement according to claim 1 including a tubular pin disposed in the forwardly disposed opening of each of said ribs and registered openings in adjoining base plates, wherein the openings in the side walls of each of said tooth points register with the opening in the tubular pin disposed in an adjoining set of said rib and base plates, and including a third pin disposed within the registered openings of the side walls of a tooth point and an adjoining tubular pin for securing each tooth point on an adjoining rib and base plate set.

15. An implement according to claim 14 wherein each of said ribs includes a portion projecting forwardly of the lip portion of said wall, and the forwardly disposed opening in each of said ribs is disposed in the forwardly projecting portion thereof.

16. An implement according to claim 14 wherein said wall is of a cast construction and said ribs are cast integral with said wall.

17. An implement according to claim 14 wherein upper and lower edges of the forward portions of said base plates converge, and the sockets of said tooth points have substantially similar converging configurations.

18. An implement according to claim 14 wherein the rearwardly disposed opening of each of said ribs and the registered openings of the adjoining base plates have a non=circular, cross-sectional configuration and the pin received therein has a tapered configuration and engages the walls of said opening in wedging relation.

19. An implement according to claim 14 wherein each of said tooth points includes upper and lower, forwardly converging surfaces.

20. An implement according to claim 19 wherein said ribs are disposed in a bottom wall and the lower surface of each of said tooth points is inclined slightly forwardly and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said bottom wall.

21. An implement according to claim 19 wherein said exterior tooth point surfaces are oriented relative to a predetermined reference such that a line bisecting the angle of said surfaces is disposed parallel to a line of maximum net force imposed on said tooth point when said body is crowded into a mass of material and said tooth point is caused to penetrate said material.

22. An implement according to claim 14 wherein said body includes sidewalls, each of said body side walls includes forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, and including a pair of base plates mounted on the side of each of said body side walls, having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in the adjoining body side walls, including a tubular pin disposed in the registered openings of each body side wall and adjoining base plates, tooth points having rearwardly opening sockets receiving the forward ends of said body side wall portions and adjoining base plates for mounting the tooth points thereon, each of said side wall mounted tooth points having a pair of side walls with openings registered with the opening of the tubular pin disposed in registered openings of said body side wall and adjoining base plates, and including pins disposed in the registered openings of each of said tubular pins and the side walls of an adjoining end mounted tooth point, and the register openings of each body side wall and adjoining base plates for securing saidbase plates on said body side walls and said end mounted tooth points on adjoining sets of body side wall and base plates.

23. A dipper according to claim 22 wherein said ribs are disposed in a bottom wall, said bottom wall, the lower ends of said body side walls including said pin receiving openings and said ribs are of an integral, cast construction.

24. An implement according to claim 14 wherein the base plates mounted on each of said ribs comprise portions of a single, integral component.

25. An implement according to claim 24 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.

26. An implement according to claim 24 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed forwardly of a rib when mounted thereon.

27. A tooth assembly suitable for mounting on a rib disposed on a wall of an earth working implement, said rib having forwardly and rearwardly disposed openings, comprising a pair of base plates mountable on sides of said rib, each of said base plates having forwardly and rearwardly disposed openings registerable with said openings in said rib when said base plate is mounted on said rib, a tooth point having a rearwardly opening socket adapted to receive the forward end of a set consisting of a rib and adjoining base plates for mounting said tooth point thereon, and side walls provided with openings registerable with a set of openings in an ad joining set consisting of a rib and adjoining base plates when a pair of said base plates is mounted on said rib, and a pair of pins disposable in a first set of registered openings in said tooth point side walls, said base plates and said rib, and in a second set of registered openings in said base plates and said rib when said base plates are mounted on said rib and said tooth point is mounted on said rib and adjoining base plates, for securing said base plates on said rib and said tooth point on the forward end of said set consisting of said rib and adjoining base plates.

28. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 wherein upper and lower edges of the forwardly disposed portions of said base plates converge, and the socket of said tooth point has a substantially similar converging configuration.

29. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 wherein said tooth point includes upper and lower, forwardly converging exterior surfaces.

30. A tooth assembly according to claim 29 wherein a lower surface of said tooth point is inclined slightly forwardly'and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said wall when said tooth point is mounted on the forward end of saidset consisting of a rib and adjoining base plates.

31. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 wherein said base plates form base plate portions of a single, integral'component mountable on a rib. V

32. A tooth assembly according to claim 31 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.

33. A tooth assembly according to claim 31 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed forwardly of a rib when mounted thereon.

34. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 including base plateswhen said base plates are mounted on said.

rib, and wherein the openings in the side walls of said tooth point are registerable with the opening in said tubular pin when said tubular pin is disposed in the registered openings of a set consisting of said rib and adjoining base plates, and including a third pin disposable within the registered openings of the side walls of a tooth point and an adjoining tubular pin when said tubular pin is disposed within registered openings in a set consisting of said rib and adjoining base plates and said tooth point is mounted on the forward end of said set consisting of said rib and said adjoining base plates, for securing said tooth point on said set consisting of said rib and said adjoining base plate.

35. A tooth assembly according to claim 34 wherein upper and lower edges of the forward portions of, said base plates converge, and the socket of said tooth points has a substantially similar converging configuration.

36. A tooth assembly accordingto claim 34 wherein.

said tooth point includes upper and lower, forwardly. converging surfaces.

37. A tooth assembly according to claim 34 wherein said base plates form base plate portions of a single, integral component mountable on a rib.

3.8. A tooth assembly according to claim 37 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.

39. A tooth assembly according to claim 37- wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed,for-' wardly of a rib when mounted thereon. a 1

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1. An earth working implement comprising a body having a wall provided with a forwardly and transversely disposed lip portion, means for attaching said body to a machine, the lip portion of said bottom wall having a plurality of transversely spaced ribs, each of said ribs having forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, a pair of base plates mounted on the sides of each of said ribs, each of said base plates having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in an adjoining rib, a plurality of tooth points each having a rearwardly opening socket receiving the forward end of a set of rib and adjoining base plates for mounting the tooth point thereon, each of said tooth points having side walls with openings registered with a set of openings in the adjoining set of base plates and rib on which said tooth point is mounted, and pins disposed in said registered openings for securing said base plates on said ribs and said tooth points on adjoining rib and base plate sets.
 2. An implement according to claim 1 wherein each of said ribs includes a portion projecting forwardly of the lip portion of said wall, and said forwardly disposed pin receiving opening in each of said ribs is disposed in the forwardly projecting portion thereof.
 3. An implement according to claim 1 wherein said wall is of a cast construction and said ribs are cast integral with said wall.
 4. An implement according to claim 1 wherein upper and lower edges of the forwardly disposed portions of said base plates converge, and the sockets of said tooth points have substantially similar converging configurations.
 5. An implement according to claim 1 wherein the rearwardly disposed openings of each of said ribs and the registered openings of the adjoining base plates have a non-circular cross-sectional configuration and the pin received therein has a tapered configuration and engages the walls of said openings in wedging relation.
 6. An implement according to claim 1 wherein each of said tooth points includes upper and lower, forwardly converging exterior surfaces.
 7. An implement according to claim 6 wherein said ribs are disposed in a bottom wall and the lower surface of each said tooth points is inclined slightly forwardly and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said bottom wall.
 8. An implement according to claim 6 wherein said exterior tooth point surfaces are oriented relative to a predetermined reference such that a line bisecting the angle of said surfaces is disposed parallel to a line of maximum net force imposed on said tooth point when said body is crowded into a mass of material and said tooth point is caused to penetrate said material.
 9. An implement according to claim 1 wherein said body includes side walls, each of said body side walls includes forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, and including a pair of base plates mounted on the sides of each of said body side walls, having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in the adjoining body side wall, a pair of tooth points each having a rearwardly opening socket receiving the forward ends of a body side wall portion and adjoining base plates for mounting the tooth points thereon, each of said end mounted tooth points having a pair of side walls with openings registered with a set of openings in the adjoining base plates and body side wall on which said end mounted tooth point is mounted and pins disposed in said registered openings for securing said base plates on said body side walls and side end mounted tooth points on adjoining sets of body side wall and base plates.
 10. An implement according to claim 1 wherein said ribs are disposed on a bottom wall, said bottom wall is of a cast construction and said ribs are cast integral with said bottom wall, each of said ribs includes a portion projecting forwardly of the lip portion of said bottom wall and said forwardly disposed opening therein is disposed in said forwardly disposed rib portion, upper and lower edges of the forward portions of said base plates coverge, and the sockets of said tooth points have substantially similar configurations, the rearwardly disposed openings of each of said ribs and the registered openings of the adjoining base plates have a non-circular, cross-sectional configurations and the pin received therein has a tapered configuration which engages the walls of said openings in wedging relation, each of said tooth points includes upper and lower, forwardly converging surfaces, and the lower surface of each of said tooth points is inclined slightly forwardly and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said bottom wall.
 11. An implement according to claim 1 wherein the base plates mounted on each of said ribs comprise portions of a single, integral component.
 12. An implement according to claim 11 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.
 13. An implement according to claim 11 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed forwardly of a rib when mounted thereon.
 14. An implement according to claim 1 including a tubular pin disposed in the forwardly disposed opening of each of said ribs and registered openings in adjoining base plates, wherein the openings in the side walls of each of said tooth points register with the opening in the tubular pin disposed in an adjoining set of said rib and base plateS, and including a third pin disposed within the registered openings of the side walls of a tooth point and an adjoining tubular pin for securing each tooth point on an adjoining rib and base plate set.
 15. An implement according to claim 14 wherein each of said ribs includes a portion projecting forwardly of the lip portion of said wall, and the forwardly disposed opening in each of said ribs is disposed in the forwardly projecting portion thereof.
 16. An implement according to claim 14 wherein said wall is of a cast construction and said ribs are cast integral with said wall.
 17. An implement according to claim 14 wherein upper and lower edges of the forward portions of said base plates converge, and the sockets of said tooth points have substantially similar converging configurations.
 18. An implement according to claim 14 wherein the rearwardly disposed opening of each of said ribs and the registered openings of the adjoining base plates have a non-circular, cross-sectional configuration and the pin received therein has a tapered configuration and engages the walls of said opening in wedging relation.
 19. An implement according to claim 14 wherein each of said tooth points includes upper and lower, forwardly converging surfaces.
 20. An implement according to claim 19 wherein said ribs are disposed in a bottom wall and the lower surface of each of said tooth points is inclined slightly forwardly and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said bottom wall.
 21. An implement according to claim 19 wherein said exterior tooth point surfaces are oriented relative to a predetermined reference such that a line bisecting the angle of said surfaces is disposed parallel to a line of maximum net force imposed on said tooth point when said body is crowded into a mass of material and said tooth point is caused to penetrate said material.
 22. An implement according to claim 14 wherein said body includes sidewalls, each of said body side walls includes forwardly and rearwardly disposed pin receiving openings, and including a pair of base plates mounted on the side of each of said body side walls, having pin receiving openings registered with the openings in the adjoining body side walls, including a tubular pin disposed in the registered openings of each body side wall and adjoining base plates, tooth points having rearwardly opening sockets receiving the forward ends of said body side wall portions and adjoining base plates for mounting the tooth points thereon, each of said side wall mounted tooth points having a pair of side walls with openings registered with the opening of the tubular pin disposed in registered openings of said body side wall and adjoining base plates, and including pins disposed in the registered openings of each of said tubular pins and the side walls of an adjoining end mounted tooth point, and the register openings of each body side wall and adjoining base plates for securing said base plates on said body side walls and said end mounted tooth points on adjoining sets of body side wall and base plates.
 23. A dipper according to claim 22 wherein said ribs are disposed in a bottom wall, said bottom wall, the lower ends of said body side walls including said pin receiving openings and said ribs are of an integral, cast construction.
 24. An implement according to claim 14 wherein the base plates mounted on each of said ribs comprise portions of a single, integral component.
 25. An implement according to claim 24 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.
 26. An implement according to claim 24 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed forwardly of a rib when mounted thereon.
 27. A tooth assembly suitable for mounting on a rib disposed on a wall of an earth working implement, said rib having forwardly and rearwardly disposed openings, comprising A pair of base plates mountable on sides of said rib, each of said base plates having forwardly and rearwardly disposed openings registerable with said openings in said rib when said base plate is mounted on said rib, a tooth point having a rearwardly opening socket adapted to receive the forward end of a set consisting of a rib and adjoining base plates for mounting said tooth point thereon, and side walls provided with openings registerable with a set of openings in an adjoining set consisting of a rib and adjoining base plates when a pair of said base plates is mounted on said rib, and a pair of pins disposable in a first set of registered openings in said tooth point side walls, said base plates and said rib, and in a second set of registered openings in said base plates and said rib when said base plates are mounted on said rib and said tooth point is mounted on said rib and adjoining base plates, for securing said base plates on said rib and said tooth point on the forward end of said set consisting of said rib and adjoining base plates.
 28. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 wherein upper and lower edges of the forwardly disposed portions of said base plates converge, and the socket of said tooth point has a substantially similar converging configuration.
 29. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 wherein said tooth point includes upper and lower, forwardly converging exterior surfaces.
 30. A tooth assembly according to claim 29 wherein a lower surface of said tooth point is inclined slightly forwardly and downwardly relative to a bottom surface of said wall when said tooth point is mounted on the forward end of said set consisting of a rib and adjoining base plates.
 31. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 wherein said base plates form base plate portions of a single, integral component mountable on a rib.
 32. A tooth assembly according to claim 31 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.
 33. A tooth assembly according to claim 31 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed forwardly of a rib when mounted thereon.
 34. A tooth assembly according to claim 27 including a tubular pin disposable in the forwardly disposed opening of said rib and the registered openings in said base plates when said base plates are mounted on said rib, and wherein the openings in the side walls of said tooth point are registerable with the opening in said tubular pin when said tubular pin is disposed in the registered openings of a set consisting of said rib and adjoining base plates, and including a third pin disposable within the registered openings of the side walls of a tooth point and an adjoining tubular pin when said tubular pin is disposed within registered openings in a set consisting of said rib and adjoining base plates and said tooth point is mounted on the forward end of said set consisting of said rib and said adjoining base plates, for securing said tooth point on said set consisting of said rib and said adjoining base plate.
 35. A tooth assembly according to claim 34 wherein upper and lower edges of the forward portions of said base plates converge, and the socket of said tooth points has a substantially similar converging configuration.
 36. A tooth assembly according to claim 34 wherein said tooth point includes upper and lower, forwardly converging surfaces.
 37. A tooth assembly according to claim 34 wherein said base plates form base plate portions of a single, integral component mountable on a rib.
 38. A tooth assembly according to claim 37 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to overlie a rib when said component is mounted thereon.
 39. A tooth assembly according to claim 37 wherein said component includes a portion interconnecting said base plate portions and adapted to be disposed forwardly of a rIb when mounted thereon. 